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	<title>Comments for The Wildlife Society Blog</title>
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	<link>http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog</link>
	<description>A blog by and for wildlife professionals</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Wed, 16 May 2012 05:30:26 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>Comment on Feral Cats Cause Rabies Outbreak in New Mexico by ecology professor</title>
		<link>http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=4972&#038;cpage=1#comment-8059</link>
		<dc:creator>ecology professor</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 May 2012 05:30:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=4972#comment-8059</guid>
		<description>&lt;a href=&quot;#comment-8057&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;@Walter Lamb &lt;/a&gt; 

It seems that you are quite obsessed with statistics and a &quot;mathematical approach.&quot; 

You are concentrating on the wrong numbers, though.  

The number of documented rabies cases in cats relative to all cats in the US -- probably not too important.  Good that it is a small percentage, but not that relevant for rabies policy. 

The probability of contracting rabies if interacting with a feral cat that might have rabies -- also probably low, but irrelevant since rabies is usually fatal.  The more important probability is whether you would get PEP treatment, which is 100%.

The most important thing from a public health perspective is what will minimize the probability that people will interact with animals that might be rabid. For many reasons, the answer to that question is not TNR.  
1. TNR endorses feeding of feral cats in colonies, which maximizes the chance of interaction with wild animals that might be rabid.
2. When rabid animals are in an area and there are feral cat colonies, the feral cats become a point of contact through which humans could potentially become exposed.  The actual risk of that exposure is not that important.  Since rabies is fatal, we as a society don&#039;t mess around with it. 
3. TNR programs usually take away the right of cats to be lethally removed, which increases the total number of potential vectors out there. 
4. TNR&#039;d cats are almost never captured and administered rabies booster shots and records of vaccinations are almost never available in case of emergency, so if there is a possible rabies exposure, people are going to get PEP regardless of whether the cats were vaccinated or not.  
5. Any pet animals that come into contact with feral cats that might themselves have been exposed to rabid animals are going to either have to have already had up to date rabies shots or be euthanized.  That&#039;s a horrible thing to happen to people&#039;s pets.  I don&#039;t think that people care too much how small that risk is, it is a risk that shouldn&#039;t be forced on people by feral cat enthusiasts.

This is why the CDC-endorsed Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control recommends that stray cats be &quot;removed from the community.&quot;   This is what minimizes rabies risk, not TNR policies.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="#comment-8057" rel="nofollow">@Walter Lamb </a> </p>
<p>It seems that you are quite obsessed with statistics and a &#8220;mathematical approach.&#8221; </p>
<p>You are concentrating on the wrong numbers, though.  </p>
<p>The number of documented rabies cases in cats relative to all cats in the US &#8212; probably not too important.  Good that it is a small percentage, but not that relevant for rabies policy. </p>
<p>The probability of contracting rabies if interacting with a feral cat that might have rabies &#8212; also probably low, but irrelevant since rabies is usually fatal.  The more important probability is whether you would get PEP treatment, which is 100%.</p>
<p>The most important thing from a public health perspective is what will minimize the probability that people will interact with animals that might be rabid. For many reasons, the answer to that question is not TNR.<br />
1. TNR endorses feeding of feral cats in colonies, which maximizes the chance of interaction with wild animals that might be rabid.<br />
2. When rabid animals are in an area and there are feral cat colonies, the feral cats become a point of contact through which humans could potentially become exposed.  The actual risk of that exposure is not that important.  Since rabies is fatal, we as a society don&#8217;t mess around with it.<br />
3. TNR programs usually take away the right of cats to be lethally removed, which increases the total number of potential vectors out there.<br />
4. TNR&#8217;d cats are almost never captured and administered rabies booster shots and records of vaccinations are almost never available in case of emergency, so if there is a possible rabies exposure, people are going to get PEP regardless of whether the cats were vaccinated or not.<br />
5. Any pet animals that come into contact with feral cats that might themselves have been exposed to rabid animals are going to either have to have already had up to date rabies shots or be euthanized.  That&#8217;s a horrible thing to happen to people&#8217;s pets.  I don&#8217;t think that people care too much how small that risk is, it is a risk that shouldn&#8217;t be forced on people by feral cat enthusiasts.</p>
<p>This is why the CDC-endorsed Compendium of Animal Rabies Prevention and Control recommends that stray cats be &#8220;removed from the community.&#8221;   This is what minimizes rabies risk, not TNR policies.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Feral Cats Cause Rabies Outbreak in New Mexico by Marcy</title>
		<link>http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=4972&#038;cpage=1#comment-8058</link>
		<dc:creator>Marcy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 May 2012 04:20:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=4972#comment-8058</guid>
		<description>I didn&#039;t ask you about statistics in general.  I asked if you really think it matters about the likelihood of a person being exposed.  What are we to do with that information?  Is that how we decide (and what number or percentage draws the line or makes the decision) as to whether or not cats should be allowed to roam freely, whether pet or feral?  Is that statistic going to make a difference for the person who is exposed?

How do you think the math comes into play regarding Loews?  The corporation decided the cats should be removed.  Shouldn&#039;t a property owner have that right?  The cats were not euthanized but put somewhere else/relocated, and yet, so much drama from TNR advocates.  How exactly does the math work here when people are bullied into TNR?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I didn&#8217;t ask you about statistics in general.  I asked if you really think it matters about the likelihood of a person being exposed.  What are we to do with that information?  Is that how we decide (and what number or percentage draws the line or makes the decision) as to whether or not cats should be allowed to roam freely, whether pet or feral?  Is that statistic going to make a difference for the person who is exposed?</p>
<p>How do you think the math comes into play regarding Loews?  The corporation decided the cats should be removed.  Shouldn&#8217;t a property owner have that right?  The cats were not euthanized but put somewhere else/relocated, and yet, so much drama from TNR advocates.  How exactly does the math work here when people are bullied into TNR?</p>
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		<title>Comment on Feral Cats Cause Rabies Outbreak in New Mexico by Walter Lamb</title>
		<link>http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=4972&#038;cpage=1#comment-8057</link>
		<dc:creator>Walter Lamb</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 May 2012 21:44:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=4972#comment-8057</guid>
		<description>&lt;a href=&quot;#comment-8053&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;@Marcy &lt;/a&gt; 

[Note to moderator&#039;s: Please delete my duplicate post above.]

Marcy - Yes, I do think statistics matter.  There are many truly heartbreaking stories out there of individuals suffering from all kinds of diseases.  Of course those afflicted with a specific disease and their loved ones will not be thinking in terms of statistics and we could use any one of those instances to make an emotional argument that we aren&#039;t spending enough to address this particular disease or that particular disease.  Statistics are an important tool to help us make more rational decisions when it comes to prioritizing how we allocate limited resources.  

As for the peer-reviewed science, as I have said many times, there are indeed multiple instances that suggest that sterilize and return can be an effective way to reduce the number of outdoor cats (Longcore et al even lists them in their Conservation Biology paper).  There are also many studies that highlight the limitations of that approach.  While folks seem to scoff at the word anecdotal on this forum, these studies are indeed anecdotal in nature.  They are useful in knocking down the absolutist claims that &quot;TNR works&quot; or &quot;TNR doesn&#039;t work&quot; and they provide useful information about how and why it does or doesn&#039;t work in a particular situation.

There are very few studies that attempts to compare the effectiveness of lethal control versus non-lethal control in a scientific manner (i.e. randomly selected areas, statistically significant data sets, etc.) and those support the notion that this is indeed a mathematical problem, dependent on trap rates and other factors, which is what I have argued on this forum.  I have never said that sterilize and return is &quot;the way to go.&quot;  Non-lethal control can fail just as lethal control can fail if insufficient trap or kill rates are achieved.  I&#039;ve been a broken record on that point.  

Taking a mathematical approach to this problem would not only allow for sterilize and return in those instances where it clearly had an advantage over traditional animal control, it would also force cat advocacy organizations to be more accountable and to help public officials create more structured frameworks for measuring the success of a project rather than giving the &quot;blank checks&quot; that Michael and others have lamented.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="#comment-8053" rel="nofollow">@Marcy </a> </p>
<p>[Note to moderator's: Please delete my duplicate post above.]</p>
<p>Marcy &#8211; Yes, I do think statistics matter.  There are many truly heartbreaking stories out there of individuals suffering from all kinds of diseases.  Of course those afflicted with a specific disease and their loved ones will not be thinking in terms of statistics and we could use any one of those instances to make an emotional argument that we aren&#8217;t spending enough to address this particular disease or that particular disease.  Statistics are an important tool to help us make more rational decisions when it comes to prioritizing how we allocate limited resources.  </p>
<p>As for the peer-reviewed science, as I have said many times, there are indeed multiple instances that suggest that sterilize and return can be an effective way to reduce the number of outdoor cats (Longcore et al even lists them in their Conservation Biology paper).  There are also many studies that highlight the limitations of that approach.  While folks seem to scoff at the word anecdotal on this forum, these studies are indeed anecdotal in nature.  They are useful in knocking down the absolutist claims that &#8220;TNR works&#8221; or &#8220;TNR doesn&#8217;t work&#8221; and they provide useful information about how and why it does or doesn&#8217;t work in a particular situation.</p>
<p>There are very few studies that attempts to compare the effectiveness of lethal control versus non-lethal control in a scientific manner (i.e. randomly selected areas, statistically significant data sets, etc.) and those support the notion that this is indeed a mathematical problem, dependent on trap rates and other factors, which is what I have argued on this forum.  I have never said that sterilize and return is &#8220;the way to go.&#8221;  Non-lethal control can fail just as lethal control can fail if insufficient trap or kill rates are achieved.  I&#8217;ve been a broken record on that point.  </p>
<p>Taking a mathematical approach to this problem would not only allow for sterilize and return in those instances where it clearly had an advantage over traditional animal control, it would also force cat advocacy organizations to be more accountable and to help public officials create more structured frameworks for measuring the success of a project rather than giving the &#8220;blank checks&#8221; that Michael and others have lamented.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Feral Cats Cause Rabies Outbreak in New Mexico by Walter Lamb</title>
		<link>http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=4972&#038;cpage=1#comment-8054</link>
		<dc:creator>Walter Lamb</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 May 2012 17:54:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=4972#comment-8054</guid>
		<description>Michael - I&#039;m utterly stunned that I would have to defend the use of statistics as a critical tool for informing public policy to the CEO of a wildlife conservation organization.  Suggesting that it is callous to use statistics to help prioritize very limited resources in order to address a long list of threats, whether to biodiversity or public health, is a pure appeal to emotion, not science, and it is a terrible precedent for you to be setting.

Yes, we need to take rabies seriously and yes, we have systems and technologies in place that have drastically reduced the threat of rabies in the U.S..  You want to paint a picture in which all animal rescue groups are in direct conflict with public health agencies when the reality is that they very often work together to proactively address this threat.  If you read the very article that you posted to begin this thread, you would see an example of that.

You aren&#039;t happy with the statistics because it is hard to scare the public to adopt the irrational policies people like you and Woodsman favor when the current threat is relatively benign.  You&#039;d prefer to ignore those statistics and mislead every mother into thinking that her their children are in imminent danger from any cats that might be in the area.  When one excludes facts that don&#039;t support the desired narrative, one is engaging in PR, not science.

Because you like to twist my criticsims of your absolutist approach into opposite extremes of their own, I&#039;ll stress again that a reasoned, objective discussion of rabies must be a part of the dialogue on feral cats.  Ongoing evaluation of feeding practices, vaccination practices, rabies response protocol, and other aspects of the issue will make sure that we continue to minimize this threat.  Non-fatal impacts, such as the cost of post-exposure treatment (approximately 16,000 - 20,000 people a year) should certainly be factored in to the analysis.  And even small increases of rabies in feral cats such as Ralph has noted warrant investigation.  The last thing we need, however, is to make public policy decisions based purely on moral outrage and with a complete disregard for any statistical analysis that can help put various threats into a larger, more meaningful context.

Honestly, if we have professional scientists villifying the use of statistics to inform policy, God help us all.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Michael &#8211; I&#8217;m utterly stunned that I would have to defend the use of statistics as a critical tool for informing public policy to the CEO of a wildlife conservation organization.  Suggesting that it is callous to use statistics to help prioritize very limited resources in order to address a long list of threats, whether to biodiversity or public health, is a pure appeal to emotion, not science, and it is a terrible precedent for you to be setting.</p>
<p>Yes, we need to take rabies seriously and yes, we have systems and technologies in place that have drastically reduced the threat of rabies in the U.S..  You want to paint a picture in which all animal rescue groups are in direct conflict with public health agencies when the reality is that they very often work together to proactively address this threat.  If you read the very article that you posted to begin this thread, you would see an example of that.</p>
<p>You aren&#8217;t happy with the statistics because it is hard to scare the public to adopt the irrational policies people like you and Woodsman favor when the current threat is relatively benign.  You&#8217;d prefer to ignore those statistics and mislead every mother into thinking that her their children are in imminent danger from any cats that might be in the area.  When one excludes facts that don&#8217;t support the desired narrative, one is engaging in PR, not science.</p>
<p>Because you like to twist my criticsims of your absolutist approach into opposite extremes of their own, I&#8217;ll stress again that a reasoned, objective discussion of rabies must be a part of the dialogue on feral cats.  Ongoing evaluation of feeding practices, vaccination practices, rabies response protocol, and other aspects of the issue will make sure that we continue to minimize this threat.  Non-fatal impacts, such as the cost of post-exposure treatment (approximately 16,000 &#8211; 20,000 people a year) should certainly be factored in to the analysis.  And even small increases of rabies in feral cats such as Ralph has noted warrant investigation.  The last thing we need, however, is to make public policy decisions based purely on moral outrage and with a complete disregard for any statistical analysis that can help put various threats into a larger, more meaningful context.</p>
<p>Honestly, if we have professional scientists villifying the use of statistics to inform policy, God help us all.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Feral Cats Cause Rabies Outbreak in New Mexico by Marcy</title>
		<link>http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=4972&#038;cpage=1#comment-8053</link>
		<dc:creator>Marcy</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 May 2012 17:25:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=4972#comment-8053</guid>
		<description>&quot;What is the likelihood of a person contracting rabies, being exposed to rabies, etc.?&quot;

Does this really matter Walter?  I don&#039;t think that a person who is bitten or scratched by an unknown cat that cannot be immediately captured is going to deliberate much on whether he/she should receive PEP.

The practice is not sound because the practice is not sound.  No one on this blog has arrived at this conclusion simply because the method is criticized - there are legitimate criticisms and they span the fields of wildlife conservation and public health.  Property rights are a legitimate concern.  The welfare of the cats is a legitimate concern.  If all of these things are affected then after 20 or 30 years of this practice that supposedly has a never-ending supply of volunteers and grant money, why do we not see a difference in the overall population? Why do we not see peer-reviewed research that has been published indicating that despite all these legitimate concerns/criticisms, TNR is the way to go?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;What is the likelihood of a person contracting rabies, being exposed to rabies, etc.?&#8221;</p>
<p>Does this really matter Walter?  I don&#8217;t think that a person who is bitten or scratched by an unknown cat that cannot be immediately captured is going to deliberate much on whether he/she should receive PEP.</p>
<p>The practice is not sound because the practice is not sound.  No one on this blog has arrived at this conclusion simply because the method is criticized &#8211; there are legitimate criticisms and they span the fields of wildlife conservation and public health.  Property rights are a legitimate concern.  The welfare of the cats is a legitimate concern.  If all of these things are affected then after 20 or 30 years of this practice that supposedly has a never-ending supply of volunteers and grant money, why do we not see a difference in the overall population? Why do we not see peer-reviewed research that has been published indicating that despite all these legitimate concerns/criticisms, TNR is the way to go?</p>
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		<title>Comment on Feral Cats Cause Rabies Outbreak in New Mexico by Michael Hutchins</title>
		<link>http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=4972&#038;cpage=1#comment-8052</link>
		<dc:creator>Michael Hutchins</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 May 2012 14:13:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=4972#comment-8052</guid>
		<description>Of course, this is not a numbers game as suggested by some on this blog. Public health officials take such matters seriously if they affect as few as 10 or 12 people nationwide. The reason is that these are potentially fatal or serious diseases that people can die from and they want to prevent outbreaks before they occur.  They do a very good job of it. That is why we don&#039;t have as many rabies outbreaks as we could. As I&#039;ve pointed out before, when you are the person affected or if it is a member of your family, then you are not going to look at the statistics. People aren&#039;t statitstics. This is a commonsense policy issue that impacts people&#039;s lives, not a mathematical equation. Feral cat colonies with their outdoor feeding of cats increase the risk of rabies and other disease transmission to both wildlife and people, and that is one reason that TWS and many others are concerned about the practice. I should also point out that vaccinating a portion of colony cats is not a solution, as anyone bitten by an unknown cat must still go through with expensive rabies vaccinations. </description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Of course, this is not a numbers game as suggested by some on this blog. Public health officials take such matters seriously if they affect as few as 10 or 12 people nationwide. The reason is that these are potentially fatal or serious diseases that people can die from and they want to prevent outbreaks before they occur.  They do a very good job of it. That is why we don&#8217;t have as many rabies outbreaks as we could. As I&#8217;ve pointed out before, when you are the person affected or if it is a member of your family, then you are not going to look at the statistics. People aren&#8217;t statitstics. This is a commonsense policy issue that impacts people&#8217;s lives, not a mathematical equation. Feral cat colonies with their outdoor feeding of cats increase the risk of rabies and other disease transmission to both wildlife and people, and that is one reason that TWS and many others are concerned about the practice. I should also point out that vaccinating a portion of colony cats is not a solution, as anyone bitten by an unknown cat must still go through with expensive rabies vaccinations. </p>
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		<title>Comment on Top 5 U.S. Invasive Species Identified by Michael Hutchins</title>
		<link>http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=5037&#038;cpage=1#comment-8051</link>
		<dc:creator>Michael Hutchins</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 May 2012 14:05:11 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=5037#comment-8051</guid>
		<description>If domesticated horses that have gone through generations of artificial selection are declared &quot;wild&quot;, &quot;native&quot; species, then why not goats, cattle and pigs? If horses are now to be declared &quot;native&quot; because they were around in the Pleistocene, then why not elephants, tapirs, camels and lions? They were all here too. This argument makes no sense from a biological or ecological point of view.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>If domesticated horses that have gone through generations of artificial selection are declared &#8220;wild&#8221;, &#8220;native&#8221; species, then why not goats, cattle and pigs? If horses are now to be declared &#8220;native&#8221; because they were around in the Pleistocene, then why not elephants, tapirs, camels and lions? They were all here too. This argument makes no sense from a biological or ecological point of view.</p>
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		<title>Comment on Top 5 U.S. Invasive Species Identified by Monika Courtney</title>
		<link>http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=5037&#038;cpage=1#comment-8050</link>
		<dc:creator>Monika Courtney</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 May 2012 22:39:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=5037#comment-8050</guid>
		<description>http://www.thegreatstory.org/charts/NA-all-animals.html</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.thegreatstory.org/charts/NA-all-animals.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.thegreatstory.org/charts/NA-all-animals.html</a></p>
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		<title>Comment on Top 5 U.S. Invasive Species Identified by Monika Courtney</title>
		<link>http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=5037&#038;cpage=1#comment-8049</link>
		<dc:creator>Monika Courtney</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 May 2012 22:38:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=5037#comment-8049</guid>
		<description>http://www.pnas.org/content/106/52/22352.full  another good article / study that you may have missed. 
http://www.mustangs4us.com/WildlifeStatement.pdf 
 
This proves they are wild and native!!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/106/52/22352.full" rel="nofollow">http://www.pnas.org/content/106/52/22352.full</a>  another good article / study that you may have missed.<br />
<a href="http://www.mustangs4us.com/WildlifeStatement.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://www.mustangs4us.com/WildlifeStatement.pdf</a> </p>
<p>This proves they are wild and native!!</p>
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		<title>Comment on Top 5 U.S. Invasive Species Identified by Monika Courtney</title>
		<link>http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=5037&#038;cpage=1#comment-8048</link>
		<dc:creator>Monika Courtney</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 May 2012 22:31:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://wildlifeprofessional.org/blog/?p=5037#comment-8048</guid>
		<description>The American mustang is a re-introduced native wildlife species. Do your homework. http://tinyurl.com/3kg8p5y    
&quot;Are wild horses truly “wild,” as an indigenous species in North America, or are they “feral weeds” – barnyard escapees, far removed genetically from their prehistoric ancestors? The question at hand is, therefore, whether or not modern horses, Equus caballus, should be considered native wildlife.
The question is legitimate, and the answer important. In North America, the wild horse is often labeled as a non‐native, or even an exotic species, by most federal or state agencies dealing with wildlife management, such as the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. The legal mandate for many of these agencies is to protect native wildlife and prevent non‐native species from causing harmful effects on the general ecology of the land. Thus, management is often directed at total eradication, or at least minimal numbers. If the idea that wild horses were, indeed, native wildlife, a great many current management approaches might be compromised. Thus, the rationale for examining this proposition, that the horse is a native or non‐native species, is significant.&quot; 
http://www.livescience.com/animals/080724-nhm-wild-horses.html 
for those that missed the contributions of Pat Fazio
They are literally a returned native wildlife species, the only one having a unanimously passed Act of Congress guaranteeing their protection (or attempting to) under the federal law of this country. It may interest you to learn that the La Brea Tar Pits in southern California are a veritable treasure trove of fossils and bones of animals who, over thousands of years, got sucked into the tar which waits quietly under the seemingly innocuous water and perished. The facility displays amazing skeletons and displays of mastodons, sabre toothed tigers, and wild horses, one of many such places evidencing that horses did in fact evolve in North America and are a wildlife species native to our land. The factual basis of the horses&#039; right to be respected and treated as aprotected native of our land is that the word &quot;feral&quot; is a misnomer and only used to intentionally detract from this fact.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The American mustang is a re-introduced native wildlife species. Do your homework. <a href="http://tinyurl.com/3kg8p5y" rel="nofollow">http://tinyurl.com/3kg8p5y</a><br />
&#8220;Are wild horses truly “wild,” as an indigenous species in North America, or are they “feral weeds” – barnyard escapees, far removed genetically from their prehistoric ancestors? The question at hand is, therefore, whether or not modern horses, Equus caballus, should be considered native wildlife.<br />
The question is legitimate, and the answer important. In North America, the wild horse is often labeled as a non‐native, or even an exotic species, by most federal or state agencies dealing with wildlife management, such as the National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Bureau of Land Management. The legal mandate for many of these agencies is to protect native wildlife and prevent non‐native species from causing harmful effects on the general ecology of the land. Thus, management is often directed at total eradication, or at least minimal numbers. If the idea that wild horses were, indeed, native wildlife, a great many current management approaches might be compromised. Thus, the rationale for examining this proposition, that the horse is a native or non‐native species, is significant.&#8221;<br />
<a href="http://www.livescience.com/animals/080724-nhm-wild-horses.html" rel="nofollow">http://www.livescience.com/animals/080724-nhm-wild-horses.html</a><br />
for those that missed the contributions of Pat Fazio<br />
They are literally a returned native wildlife species, the only one having a unanimously passed Act of Congress guaranteeing their protection (or attempting to) under the federal law of this country. It may interest you to learn that the La Brea Tar Pits in southern California are a veritable treasure trove of fossils and bones of animals who, over thousands of years, got sucked into the tar which waits quietly under the seemingly innocuous water and perished. The facility displays amazing skeletons and displays of mastodons, sabre toothed tigers, and wild horses, one of many such places evidencing that horses did in fact evolve in North America and are a wildlife species native to our land. The factual basis of the horses&#8217; right to be respected and treated as aprotected native of our land is that the word &#8220;feral&#8221; is a misnomer and only used to intentionally detract from this fact.</p>
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