| California annual grasslands are highly dominated by non-native species, and are among the most invaded terrestrial systems in the world. The unchecked growth of non-native grasses and weeds is a frequent cause of habitat degradation and loss of biodiversity. Livestock grazing is generally the only practicable means of managing non-native herbaceous biomass on large acreages. This presents challenges to agency staff wary of grazing or unfamiliar with its capabilities, limitations, and operational requirements. A successful planning process will bolster the compatibility of species' and ranchers' needs. An interdisciplinary, collaborative, performance-based approach is key. We have developed over 30 regulator-approved grazing management plans for California grasslands, addressing the habitat needs of California red-legged frogs, California tiger salamanders, San Joaquin kit foxes, Bay checkerspot butterflies, Ohlone tiger beetles, and other listed wildlife. Elements of such plans include: (1) translating habitat needs into performance standards; (2) designating special management areas for targeted grazing; (3) providing structural heterogeneity of habitat; and (4) maintaining flexibility and feasibility. Here we present examples from plans for several listed animals, and broadly applicable lessons learned. |