The Coachella Valley is a desert ecosystem dominated by strong winds and sandy soils. These winds transport sand from the Whitewater River and the Indio Hills to the Coachella Valley. Many species of plants and animals are dependent upon habitats of wind-blown sand. Among these are the Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata), a federally and State-listed endangered species; at least two endemic invertebrates; and four taxa of plants under status review by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Large areas of natural habitat have been destroyed by urban and agricultural developments. Only 48% of the suitable fringe-toed lizard habitat available prior to human settlement of the valley existed in December 1982. Wind obstructions and off-road vehicle use have caused declines in habitat quality in many areas. Future projects with potential negative impacts on the Coachella Valley ecosystem include oil and gas developments and continued agricultural and urban growth. Wind energy facilities are being developed on a large scale at the northern end of the valley, but potential effects on wind and sand transport patterns are not known. Human population levels in the valley are expected to double between 1980 and 2000. At current rates of loss, remaining aeolian sand habitat in the valley will be completely eliminated in 50-80 years. Nearly all wind-blown sand habitat in the Coachella Valley is privately owned. A coalition of concerned citizens and government agencies are working to preserve a portion of this vanishing system. To date (January 1983) the California Department of Fish and Game has purchased 180 acres for establishment of a preserve and is negotiating for the acquisition of another 240 acres.
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